Constantly stewing over a problem can lead to excessive
release of cortisol in the brain which can cause short-term memory loss or
mental disability, says a study.
Cortisol, also referred to as 'stress hormone' is a steroid
hormone produced by the adrenal gland. It is a hormone released in response to
stress. Cortisol at optimal levels is
needed for survival, but an abnormal release of the hormone can lead to memory
impairment and mental health problems.
A new study by the University of Iowa researchers has
associated high levels of cortisol with slow and steady synapses loss in the
prefrontal cortex, the brain region responsible for short-term memory.
Synapses are the connections between neurons that help us in
processing, storage and recall of information. Prolonged and constant exposure
to cortisol causes shrinkage and eventual disappearance of these synapses.
"Stress hormones are one mechanism that we believe
leads to weathering of the brain," according to Jason Radley, assistant
professor in psychology.
Besides, chronic stress also stimulates chemical imbalance
in the brain which makes it more prone to mental ailments, such as short-term
memory loss and dementia. White matter structure defects can also cause
depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and
post-traumatic stress disorder.
Neuroscientists have also identified a link between anxiety
and brain defects. While low anxiety
levels can affect memory recalling capacity of the brain, high anxiety levels
can lead to white matter development that can in turn result in brain defects.
A study published by the National Institutes of Health
called "White Matter in Learning, Cognition and Psychiatric
Disorders" features the brain's production of white matter and how it
influences the development of a variety of disorders.
According to Rachel Anderson, the research lead, and Radley,
short-term memory disabilities linked to cortisol start arising around age 65.
However, researchers reminded that cortisol is only one of
the many factors responsible for memory loss and mental decline as we grow old.
Brain degeneration is also linked to sleep deprivation in
older adults and drinking in excess of two and a half drinks per day can cause
more memory loss and cognitive impairment than in people who drink within
limits or who don't drink at all.
Although, the study is only preparatory, the findings have
laid the groundwork for treating short-term memory loss by decreasing levels of
cortisol.
Source: medindia.net